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Case Study 3: Laryngeal Carcinoma

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MBBS Case Studies
ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat)
Head and Neck Surgery
Case Study 3: Laryngeal Carcinoma

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MBBS Case Studies

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Anatomy

Gross Anatomy

Case Study: Gross Anatomy

Case Study 2: Gross Anatomy - Central Nervous System (Brain)

Microanatomy

Case Study 1: Histopathological Analysis of Liver Cirrhosis

Case Study 2: Identification of Alzheimer's Disease through Brain Biopsy

Case Study 3: Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction through Cardiac Tissue Analysis

Embryology

Case Study 1: Congenital Heart Defect - Tetralogy of Fallot

Case Study 2: Neural Tube Defect - Spina Bifida

Case Study 3: Chromosomal Abnormality - Down Syndrome

Neuroanatomy

Case Study 1: Cerebral Vascular Accident (Stroke)

Case Study 2: Meningitis

Case Study 3: Parkinson's Disease

Upper Limb

Case Study 1: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Case Study 2: Humeral Shaft Fracture

Case Study 3: Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)

Lower Limb

Case Study 1: Acute Compartment Syndrome

Case Study 2: Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Case Study 3: Tibial Fracture

Thorax

Case Study 1: Pneumothorax

Case Study 2: Acute Myocardial Infarction

Case Study 3: Pulmonary Embolism

Abdomen

Case Study 1: Acute Appendicitis

Case Study 2: Cholelithiasis (Gallstones)

Case Study 3: Diverticulitis

Head and Neck

Case Study 1: Thyroid Disorders

Case Study 2: Chronic Sinusitis

Case Study 3: Head and Neck Cancer

Brain and Spinal Cord

Case Study 1: Cerebral Infarction

Case Study 2: Spinal Cord Compression

Case Study 3: Meningitis

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Physiology

General Physiology

Case Study 1: Homeostasis and Fluid Balance

Case Study 2: Acid-Base Balance

Case Study 3: Neurophysiology - Synaptic Transmission

Systemic Physiology

Case Study 1: Respiratory Physiology - Understanding Asthma

Case Study 2: Cardiovascular Physiology - Myocardial Infarction

Case Study 3: Gastrointestinal Physiology - Acute Pancreatitis

Practical Physiology

Case Study 1: Cardiovascular Physiology - "The Marathon Runner"

Case Study 2: Respiratory Physiology - "The Mysterious Cough"

Case Study 3: Renal Physiology - "The Unforeseen Anomaly"

Blood

Case Study 1: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in a Pediatric Patient

Case Study 2: Iron Deficiency Anemia in a Female Adolescent

Case Study 3: Hemophilia A in a Young Adult Male

Respiratory System

Case Study 1: Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Case Study 2: Asthma Exacerbation

Case Study 3: Tuberculosis

Cardiovascular System

Case Study 1: Myocardial Infarction

Case Study 2: Congestive Heart Failure

Case Study 3: Aortic Stenosis

Gastrointestinal System

Case Study 1: Acute Appendicitis

Case Study 2: Chronic Gastritis

Case Study 3: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

Nervous System

Case Study 1: Acute Ischemic Stroke

Case Study 2: Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Case Study 3: Meningitis

Renal Physiology

Case Study 1: Acute Glomerulonephritis

Case Study 2: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Case Study 3: Nephrotic Syndrome

Endocrinology

Case Study 1: Hyperthyroidism

Case Study 2: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Case Study 3: Addison's Disease

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Biochemistry

Molecular Biology

Case Study 1: Understanding Gene Expression

Case Study 2: Molecular Pathways in Carcinogenesis

Case Study 3: Epigenetic Influences in Disease

Metabolism

Case Study 1: Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Case Study 2: Wilson's Disease

Case Study 3: Hyperthyroidism

Clinical Biochemistry

Case Study 1: Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Case Study 2: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

Case Study 3: Hypothyroidism

Nutritional Biochemistry

Case Study 1: Vitamin D Deficiency in a Young Adult

Case Study 2: Malnutrition in an Elderly Patient

Case Study 3: Iron Deficiency Anemia in a Child

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Case Study 1: Glycogen Storage Disease

Case Study 2: Lactose Intolerance

Case Study 3: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Lipid Metabolism

Case Study 1: Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Case Study 2: Alcoholic Liver Disease and Dyslipidemia

Case Study 3: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Dyslipidemia

Protein Metabolism

Case Study 1: Acute Protein Malnutrition in Pediatric Patient

Case Study 2: Hepatic Encephalopathy in Adult Patient

Case Study 3: Anorexia Nervosa in Adolescent

Enzymology

Case Study 1: Altered Enzyme Kinetics in Liver Disease

Case Study 2: Enzyme Deficiency in Metabolic Disorder

Case Study 3: Pharmacological Inhibition of Enzymes

Hormones

Case Study 1: Thyroid Hormone Abnormalities

Case Study 2: Adrenal Insufficiency

Case Study 3: Hyperparathyroidism

Vitamins and Minerals

Case Study 1: Vitamin D Deficiency

Case Study 2: Iron Deficiency Anemia

Case Study 3: Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency)

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Pathology

General Pathology

Case Study 1: Acute Inflammatory Response

Case Study 2: Chronic Inflammation and Granuloma Formation

Case Study 3: Neoplastic Transformation

Systemic Pathology

Case Study 1: Systemic Pathology – "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)"

Case Study 2: Systemic Pathology – "Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)"

Case Study 3: Systemic Pathology – "Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)"

Hematology

Case Study 1: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in a Child

Case Study 2: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) in an Adult

Case Study 3: Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) in an Adult

Clinical Pathology

Case Study 1: Hematologic Disorder - Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

Case Study 2: Metabolic Disorder - Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

Case Study 3: Infectious Disease - Tuberculosis (TB)

Cell Injury and Adaptation

Case Study 1: Hypoxic Cell Injury in a Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Case Study 2: Reversible Cell Injury in Acute Pancreatitis

Case Study 3: Cellular Adaptation in Chronic Liver Disease

Inflammation and Repair

Case Study 1: Acute Inflammation in Appendicitis

Case Study 2: Chronic Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Case Study 3: Healing and Repair in Cutaneous Wound

Neoplasia

Case Study 1: Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung

Case Study 2: Malignant Melanoma

Case Study 3: Colon Adenocarcinoma

Cardiovascular Pathology

Case Study 1: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

Case Study 2: Chronic Heart Failure (CHF)

Case Study 3: Hypertensive Emergency

Respiratory Pathology

Case Study 1: Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

Case Study 2: Asthma Exacerbation

Case Study 3: Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB)

Renal Pathology

Case Study 1: Acute Glomerulonephritis

Case Study 2: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Case Study 3: Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

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Microbiology

Bacteriology

Case Study 1: Acute Bacterial Meningitis

Case Study 2: Tuberculosis

Case Study 3: Food Poisoning due to Staphylococcus aureus

Virology

Case Study 1: Acute Hepatitis C Infection

Case Study 2: Influenza A Complicated by Pneumonia

Case Study 3: Dengue Fever

Mycology

Case Study 1: Cutaneous Mycoses

Case Study 2: Opportunistic Mycoses

Case Study 3: Systemic Mycoses

Parasitology

Case Study 1: Malaria in a Rural Setting

Case Study 2: Neurocysticercosis in an Urban Slum

Case Study 3: Leishmaniasis in a Returning Traveler

Immunology

Case Study 1: Acute Anaphylaxis

Case Study 2: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Case Study 3: HIV/AIDS

Applied Microbiology

Case Study 1: Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Case Study 2: Food Poisoning Outbreak

Case Study 3: Tuberculosis in a Young Adult

Bacterial Pathogens

Case Study 1: Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection

Case Study 2: Escherichia coli Gastroenteritis

Case Study 3: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Viral Infections

Case Study 1: Acute Viral Gastroenteritis

Case Study 2: Influenza

Case Study 3: Hepatitis A

Fungal Infections

Case Study 1: Cryptococcal Meningitis in an Immunocompromised Patient

Case Study 2: Disseminated Histoplasmosis in an Elderly Farmer

Case Study 3: Cutaneous Candidiasis in a Neonate

Parasitic Infections

Case Study 1: Cysticercosis in a Young Adult

Case Study 2: Malaria in a Pregnant Woman

Case Study 3: Ascariasis in a School-Age Child

Vaccines and Immunization

Case Study 1: "The Case of a Newborn with Tetanus Neonatorum"

Case Study 2: "Unexpected Reaction Post MMR Vaccination"

Case Study 3: "Adult Immunization - A Case of Missed Opportunities"

Sterilization and Disinfection

Case Study 1: Hospital Sterilization Procedures

Case Study 2: Office-Based Sterilization for Minor Procedures

Case Study 3: Disinfection in a Large Healthcare Facility

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Pharmacology

General Pharmacology

Case Study 1: Adverse Drug Reactions

Case Study 2: Drug Interactions

Case Study 3: Drug Dosing in Renal Impairment

Systemic Pharmacology

Case Study 1: Management of Hypertension with Beta-blockers

Case Study 2: Antibiotic Therapy in Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

Case Study 3: Use of Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation

Chemotherapy

Case Study 1: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in a Pediatric Patient

Case Study 2: Breast Cancer with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Case Study 3: Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Pharmacokinetics

Case Study 1: Pharmacokinetics in Renal Impairment

Case Study 2: Pharmacodynamics of Beta-blockers in Cardiac Arrhythmias

Case Study 3: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Warfarin in Anticoagulation Therapy

Case Study 4: The Impact of Renal Impairment on Drug Excretion

Case Study 5: The Role of Liver Enzymes in Drug Metabolism

Case Study 6: The Effect of Food on Drug Absorption

Prescription Writing

Case Study 1: Prescription Writing for Chronic Conditions

Case Study 2: Pediatric Prescription Writing

Case Study 3: Geriatric Prescription Writing

Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System

Case Study 1: Parkinson's Disease and Dopaminergic Therapy

Case Study 2: Management of Epilepsy with Antiepileptic Drugs

Case Study 3: Managing Depression with Antidepressants

Cardiovascular Drugs

Case Study 1: Management of Hypertension

Case Study 2: Acute Management of Myocardial Infarction

Case Study 3: Heart Failure Management

Drugs Affecting Blood

Case Study 1: Warfarin Therapy in a Patient with Atrial Fibrillation

Case Study 2: Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) in a Post-Operative Patient

Case Study 3: Anemia of Chronic Disease in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Endocrine Pharmacology

Case Study 1: Management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Case Study 2: Hyperthyroidism and its Management

Case Study 3: Management of Cushing's Syndrome

Chemotherapeutic Agents

Case Study 1: Breast Cancer and Chemotherapy Regimen

Case Study 2: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Targeted Therapy

Case Study 3: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and Chemotherapy Protocol

Autacoids

Case Study 1: Histamine and Anaphylaxis

Case Study 2: Serotonin Syndrome

Case Study 3: Migraine and Triptans

Pharmacodynamics

Case Study 1: Beta-Blocker Pharmacodynamics

Case Study 2: Warfarin and Vitamin K Antagonism

Case Study 3: Insulin and Glucose Homeostasis

Drug Details and Classifications

Case Study 1: Beta-Blockers in Hypertension

Case Study 2: Antibiotics in Bacterial Infections

Case Study 3: Antidepressants in Major Depressive Disorder

Case Study 4: Statins in Hyperlipidemia

Adverse Drug Reactions and Side Effects

Case Study 1: Acute Liver Injury Due to Amoxicillin-Clavulanate

Case Study 2: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome from Carbamazepine

Case Study 3: Nephrotoxicity Induced by Gentamicin

Drug Contraindications and Precautions

Case Study 1: Use of NSAIDs in Patients with Peptic Ulcer Disease

Case Study 2: Statin Use in Patients with Liver Disease

Case Study 3: Antidepressant Use in Bipolar Disorder

Rare Adverse Effects and Pharmacovigilance

Case Study 1: Uncommon Neuropsychiatric Reaction to a Common Antibiotic

Case Study 2: Severe Skin Reaction to an Antiepileptic Drug

Case Study 3: Hepatotoxicity Following Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy

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Forensic Medicine and Toxicology

Forensic Medicine

Case Study 1: Unidentified Poisoning

Case Study 2: Mysterious Death at a Party

Case Study 3: Suspicious Workplace Accident

Clinical Forensic Medicine

Case Study 1: Forensic Analysis of a Blunt Force Trauma Victim

Case Study 2: Toxicological Analysis in a Case of Suspected Poisoning

Case Study 3: Forensic Assessment in a Case of Sexual Assault

Forensic Pathology

Case Study 1: Unexplained Sudden Death

Case Study 2: Suspicious Death in a Burn Case

Case Study 3: Fatal Poisoning

Toxicology

Case Study 1: Acetaminophen Overdose

Case Study 2: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Case Study 3: Organophosphate Poisoning

Legal Procedures and Ethics

Case Study 1: Informed Consent in a Surgical Setting

Case Study 2: Privacy Breach in a Hospital Setting

Case Study 3: End-of-Life Care and Ethical Dilemmas

Types of Injuries

Case Study 1: Soft Tissue Injury – Ankle Sprain

Case Study 2: Blunt Trauma – Rib Fracture

Case Study 3: Penetrating Injury – Stab Wound

Postmortem Changes

Case Study 1: Early Postmortem Changes

Case Study 2: Intermediate Postmortem Changes

Case Study 3: Advanced Postmortem Changes

Forensic Psychiatry

Case Study 1: The Mysterious Amnesia

Case Study 2: The Case of Fabricated Illness

Case Study 3: The Unsettled Veteran

Poisons and Antidotes

Case Study 1: Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Overdose

Case Study 2: Organophosphate Poisoning

Case Study 3: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Environmental Toxicology

Case Study 1: Lead Poisoning in an Urban Setting

Case Study 2: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in a Residential Home

Case Study 3: Pesticide Exposure in Agricultural Workers

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Community Medicine (Preventive and Social Medicine)

Epidemiology

Case Study 1: The Outbreak of an Unknown Respiratory Illness

Case Study 2: Investigating a Spike in Hepatitis A Cases

Case Study 3: The Rise of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in a Hospital

Health Programs in India

Case Study 1: National Tuberculosis Control Program

Case Study 2: Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)

Case Study 3: National Programme for Control of Blindness & Visual Impairment (NPCBVI)

Biostatistics

Case Study 1: Understanding Epidemiological Data through a Dengue Outbreak

Case Study 2: Analyzing the Effectiveness of a New TB Screening Program

Case Study 3: Assessing the Impact of Lifestyle Changes on Diabetes Prevalence in an Urban Population

Environmental Health

Case Study 1: Air Pollution and Respiratory Health in New Delhi

Case Study 2: Water Contamination and Gastrointestinal Diseases in Rural India

Case Study 3: Industrial Pollution and Chronic Diseases in Bhopal

Nutrition

Case Study 1: Malnutrition in a Pediatric Patient

Case Study 2: Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in an Adolescent

Case Study 3: Nutritional Deficiencies in a Geriatric Patient

Communicable Diseases

Case Study 1: Tuberculosis in a Young Adult

Case Study 2: Hepatitis A Outbreak in a Small Community

Case Study 3: Malaria in a Pregnant Woman

Non-communicable Diseases

Case Study 1: Hypertension in a Middle-Aged Adult

Case Study 2: Asthma in a Young Adult

Case Study 3: Type II Diabetes Mellitus in an Elderly Patient

Occupational Health

Case Study 1: Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals

Case Study 2: Repetitive Stress Injury in Office Workers

Case Study 3: Long-term Exposure to Noise in Manufacturing Workers

Family Planning

Case Study 1: Contraceptive Counseling in a Young Couple

Case Study 2: Emergency Contraception after Unprotected Intercourse

Case Study 3: Family Planning in Perimenopause

Health Education and Communication

Case Study 1: Health Education in Rural Settings

Case Study 2: Communication in Hospital Settings

Case Study 3: Health Campaigns and Public Engagement

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Ophthalmology

Basic Sciences in Ophthalmology

Case Study 1: Acute Conjunctivitis

Case Study 2: Cataract in Elderly Patient

Case Study 3: Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Clinical Ophthalmology

Case Study 1: Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Case Study 2: Diabetic Retinopathy

Case Study 3: Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Surgical Techniques

Case Study 1: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Case Study 2: Appendectomy (Open vs. Laparoscopic)

Case Study 3: Inguinal Hernia Repair (Open vs. Laparoscopic)

Disorders of Eyelids

Case Study 1: Blepharitis

Case Study 2: Chalazion

Case Study 3: Ptosis

Disorders of Cornea

Case Study 1: Keratoconus

Case Study 2: Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy

Case Study 3: Infectious Keratitis

Glaucoma

Case Study 1: Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Case Study 2: Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Case Study 3: Secondary Glaucoma due to Uveitis

Cataract

Case Study 1: Age-Related Cataract

Case Study 2: Traumatic Cataract

Case Study 3: Pediatric Cataract

Retinal Diseases

Case Study 1: Diabetic Retinopathy

Case Study 2: Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Case Study 3: Retinal Detachment

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ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat)

Otology

Case Study 1: Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL)

Case Study 2: Chronic Otitis Media

Case Study 3: Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)

Rhinology

Case Study 1: Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps

Case Study 2: Deviated Nasal Septum with Compensatory Hypertrophy

Case Study 3: Epistaxis

Laryngology

Case Study 1: Vocal Cord Nodules

Case Study 2: Acute Laryngitis

Case Study 3: Laryngeal Cancer

Head and Neck Surgery

Case Study 1: Thyroid Nodule

Case Study 2: Acute Parotitis

Case Study 3: Laryngeal Carcinoma

Diseases of Ear

Case Study 1: Acute Otitis Media

Case Study 2: Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Case Study 3: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM)

Diseases of Nose and Paranasal Sinuses

Case Study 1: Chronic Sinusitis

Case Study 2: Deviated Nasal Septum with Complications

Case Study 3: Acute Rhinosinusitis Complicated by Orbital Cellulitis

Diseases of Throat

Case Study 1: Acute Pharyngitis

Case Study 2: Laryngitis

Case Study 3: Peritonsillar Abscess

Deafness

Case Study 1: Progressive Hearing Loss in an Elderly Patient

Case Study 2: Sudden Unilateral Hearing Loss

Case Study 3: Chronic Ear Infections Leading to Hearing Loss

Tumors of Head and Neck

Case Study 1: Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity

Case Study 2: Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Case Study 3: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

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Medicine

General Medicine

Case Study 1: Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Case Study 2: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) with Secondary Hypertension

Case Study 3: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

Systemic Medicine

Case Study 1: Acute Myocardial Infarction

Case Study 2: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Secondary to Hypertension

Case Study 3: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Clinical Postings

Case Study 1: Acute Myocardial Infarction

Case Study 2: Acute Appendicitis

Case Study 3: Pneumonia

Cardiovascular System

Case Study 1: Acute Myocardial Infarction

Case Study 2: Chronic Heart Failure

Case Study 3: Hypertensive Emergency

Respiratory System

Case Study 1: Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Case Study 2: Asthma Exacerbation

Case Study 3: Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Gastrointestinal System

Case Study 1: Acute Pancreatitis

Case Study 2: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Case Study 3: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Neurology

Case Study 1: Cerebral Vascular Accident (Stroke)

Case Study 2: Meningitis

Case Study 3: Parkinson's Disease

Endocrinology

Case Study 1: Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Case Study 2: Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Case Study 3: Addison's Disease

Hematology

Case Study 1: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Case Study 2: Iron Deficiency Anemia

Case Study 3: Sickle Cell Disease

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Surgery

General Surgery

Case Study 1: Acute Appendicitis

Case Study 2: Gallstone Disease

Case Study 3: Inguinal Hernia

Systemic Surgery

Case Study 1: Acute Appendicitis

Case Study 2: Cholecystitis

Case Study 3: Hernia Repair

Special Surgery

Case Study 1: Osteoarthritis of the Knee

Case Study 2: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Case Study 3: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tear

Anesthesiology

Case Study 1: Preoperative Assessment and Management

Case Study 2: Intraoperative Anesthetic Management

Case Study 3: Postoperative Pain Management

Trauma

Case Study 1: Blunt Abdominal Trauma in a Motor Vehicle Accident

Case Study 2: Penetrating Trauma from a Stabbing Incident

Case Study 3: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in a Fall from Height

Infections