Introduction:ABC Corp, a US-based company, entered into a contract with XYZ Ltd., an Indian company, for the supply of specialized machinery. The contract contained an arbitration clause that any dispute arising would be resolved through arbitration in Singapore under the SIAC (Singapore International Arbitration Centre) rules.Case Details:Disputes arose concerning the quality and timeliness of the machinery supplied. ABC Corp claimed that the machinery was defective and not delivered as per the agreed schedule, causing significant losses. XYZ Ltd contested these claims, arguing that the machinery was as per specifications and any delays were due to ABC Corp's failure to provide necessary specifications on time.Arguments Presented:- ABC Corp: Asserted breach of contract for supplying defective machinery and sought damages for the losses incurred due to delayed production.- XYZ Ltd: Argued that the machinery met the contractual specifications and any delays were outside their control and were due to ABC Corp's actions.Legal Analysis:The tribunal analyzed the contract, correspondence, and evidence presented by both parties. The key issues revolved around the interpretation of the contract terms relating to the quality specifications and the timeline for delivery. The tribunal also considered international trade practices and the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG).Judgment and Ruling:The tribunal found that while there were minor discrepancies in the machinery, it did not amount to a fundamental breach. However, it held that XYZ Ltd was responsible for the delays and awarded partial damages to ABC Corp.Impact and Analysis:The case highlights the importance of clear contract terms and the challenges in cross-border transactions. It also emphasizes the role of international arbitration in resolving commercial disputes.Conclusion:The arbitration award provided a balanced resolution, allowing both parties to continue their business relations. It also reaffirmed the significance of arbitration in international commercial transactions.

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Discussion Questions:1. Discuss how the tribunal balanced the legal principles and the practical aspects of the business in its ruling.2. How does the enforcement of international arbitration awards under the New York Convention contribute to international trade?3. Consider the role of clear contract terms in reducing disputes in international commercial transactions. How can companies better protect themselves contractually?

Case Study 1: ABC Corp v. XYZ Ltd.

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